Highlands Ranch
Highlands Ranch is an unincorporated community in Douglas County, Colorado, situated south of Denver. among the most populous unincorporated communities in the United States, it developed from open Colorado plains into a large master-planned suburban area over the course of more than a century. Its history stretches from the earliest homesteading era of the 1880s through the managed residential development of the late twentieth century, and it is perhaps best known today both as a prosperous suburban enclave and as the site of a significant school shooting in 2019.
History
Early Settlement
The land that would become Highlands Ranch has a long history of human settlement tied closely to the broader patterns of westward expansion in Colorado. According to the Highlands Ranch Historical Society, Highlands Ranch grew from the Colorado plains through a series of settlements beginning in 1859, with the majority of homesteaders arriving in the 1880s.[1] These early settlers established the agricultural character of the land, raising livestock and cultivating the terrain that would later support one of the largest ranching operations in the region.
Over the following decades, various landowners shaped the property through different uses. The land passed through multiple hands, each leaving a distinct mark on the development and culture of the area.
The Phipps Era and the Diamond K Ranch
A pivotal chapter in the history of Highlands Ranch came in the twentieth century when the land became associated with prominent ownership and distinctive ranch management. In 1937, a landowner named Phipps purchased the Diamond K, renaming the property Highlands Ranch.[2] Under Phipps's ownership, the ranch continued to host the American Hereford Cattle (AHC) operations during the remaining 39 years of his tenure.[3] This period cemented the ranch's reputation as a serious agricultural enterprise and gave the property its enduring name.
The mansion that served as the centerpiece of the ranch during this period remains a landmark in the community today, preserved as a historic site that reflects the architectural and cultural heritage of that ranching era.
Transition to Master-Planned Community
The most transformative change in the history of Highlands Ranch came in 1979, when the Mission Viejo Company, a master-planned community developer, purchased the property.[4] This acquisition marked the decisive end of the ranching era and the beginning of suburban development on a large scale. The first residents moved into homes in Highlands Ranch not long after, beginning the rapid population growth that would define the community's modern identity.
The Highlands Ranch Community Association (HRCA) was established to govern and manage the wide array of amenities, open spaces, and community programs that would come to define life in the development. This organization continues to serve as the primary governing body for community affairs, maintaining parks, recreation centers, and various services that support the large resident population.
Geography and Character
Highlands Ranch is an unincorporated suburban community located south of Denver in Douglas County.[5] Its unincorporated status means that it falls under the jurisdiction of Douglas County rather than having its own municipal government, a distinction that affects local governance, taxation, and services. Despite lacking formal city status, Highlands Ranch functions in many respects as a self-contained community, with extensive retail, recreational, and educational infrastructure.
The community is situated on the Colorado plains and is characterized by planned residential neighborhoods, open space preserves, and a network of trails and parks. Its location south of Denver places it within easy commuting distance of the metropolitan core, contributing to its appeal as a residential destination for those working in the greater Denver area.
Community Governance and the HRCA
The Highlands Ranch Community Association plays a central role in managing the day-to-day quality of life in the community. Established in conjunction with the original master-planned development, the HRCA oversees a broad portfolio of community resources including recreation centers, trails, parks, and community programs.[6]
Because Highlands Ranch is unincorporated, the HRCA serves a function that in many communities would be handled by a municipal government. Homeowner assessments fund the association's operations, and residents participate in governance through elected representatives. The organization has been instrumental in maintaining the master-planned character of the community and managing the extensive open space that is a defining feature of the area.
The Highlands Ranch Mansion
among the most significant historical landmarks in Highlands Ranch is the Highlands Ranch Mansion, which dates to the ranching era of the property. The mansion served as the main residence during the Phipps ownership period beginning in 1937 and reflects the architectural styles and ambitions of that era.[7]
Today, the mansion functions as a historic venue and community landmark. It is available for private events and serves as a touchstone for residents and visitors interested in the pre-suburban history of the area. The preservation of the mansion represents an effort to maintain a physical connection to the ranching heritage that preceded the large-scale residential development of the modern community.
Education
Highlands Ranch is served by several schools within the Douglas County School District, reflecting the large and growing residential population of the community. The community's educational infrastructure expanded alongside its population growth following the transition to a master-planned residential development in 1979.
Among the notable educational institutions in the area is STEM School Highlands Ranch, a charter school that gained significant attention following a shooting incident in May 2019.
2019 STEM School Shooting
On May 7, 2019, a shooting occurred at STEM School Highlands Ranch, a school serving students in the Highlands Ranch community near Denver. The incident resulted in the death of one student and injuries to eight others.[8] Two students were taken into custody in connection with the shooting.[9]
The shots were fired in a darkened classroom of high school seniors.[10] The student killed was Kendrick Castillo, who died while attempting to stop one of the assailants during the attack.[11] Castillo's actions during the shooting were widely reported and drew national attention to his courage in the face of the attack.
Following the incident, one of the former students involved was subsequently found guilty of murder in connection with the shooting.[12] The case drew sustained national media coverage and became part of broader conversations in Colorado and across the United States about school safety, gun violence, and the experiences of students affected by such events.
The shooting had a profound impact on the Highlands Ranch community, prompting reflection, community mourning, and ongoing discussion about the safety of students in schools throughout Douglas County and beyond.
Economy and Development
The economic character of Highlands Ranch reflects its origins as a master-planned suburban community. Commercial development has followed residential growth, with retail centers, restaurants, and service businesses concentrated along major corridors. The community's proximity to Denver makes it an attractive location for residents employed in the metropolitan area, and its high median household incomes reflect the demographic profile associated with master-planned suburban communities in the Denver metro region.
The area also supports a range of professional services and small businesses. The presence of contract manufacturers and specialty companies operating in and around Highlands Ranch illustrates the diversification of economic activity in the broader Douglas County area. Local businesses serve both the large residential population and regional customers.
Highlands Ranch Historical Society
The Highlands Ranch Historical Society is the primary organization committed to preserving and communicating the history of the community. The organization maintains records, artifacts, and historical information relating to the settlement and development of the area from the earliest homesteading period through the modern era.[13]
The Historical Society serves an important educational function in a community where much of the built environment dates only to the late twentieth century. By documenting and preserving records of the earlier ranching and settlement era, the organization helps maintain a sense of historical continuity for residents whose daily experience is shaped primarily by the master-planned suburban landscape rather than the earlier agricultural one.
See Also
- Denver Metropolitan Area
- Douglas County, Colorado
- STEM School Highlands Ranch
- Highlands Ranch Community Association
- Colorado School Shootings