Mosquito Range
The Mosquito Range is a high mountain range located in central Colorado, extending roughly north-south for approximately 28 miles (45 km). It forms a significant portion of the Continental Divide, influencing the climate and hydrology of the surrounding regions. The range derives its name from a severe outbreak of mosquitoes experienced by early settlers and miners in the area during the 1860s.
History
The Mosquito Range experienced significant activity during the Pikes Peak Gold Rush of the late 1850s and early 1860s. While the initial rush focused on areas closer to Pikes Peak, prospectors soon began exploring the more remote regions, including the Mosquito Range, in search of precious metals. Several mining camps were established, including the towns of Alma, Fairplay, and Como. These camps initially experienced rapid growth as miners flocked to the area, but many were short-lived, experiencing boom-and-bust cycles dependent on the success of individual mines. [1]
The early mining operations were largely focused on placer gold – gold found in stream beds and alluvial deposits. As these easily accessible sources were depleted, miners turned to more complex methods of extracting gold from quartz veins. This required more substantial investment and led to the development of larger-scale mining operations. The Denver, South Park & Pacific Railroad, completed in 1879, played a crucial role in connecting the mining camps of the Mosquito Range to larger markets and facilitating the transportation of ore and supplies. The railroad’s presence significantly impacted the economic viability of many mining operations, allowing them to continue operating even after the initial gold rush fervor subsided.
Geography
The Mosquito Range is characterized by rugged peaks, steep slopes, and numerous glacial valleys. Its highest point is Mount Lincoln, reaching an elevation of 14,293 feet (4,356 meters). Other prominent peaks include Mount Cameron, Mount Bross, and Mount Democrat, all of which are fourteeners – mountains exceeding 14,000 feet in elevation. The range is composed primarily of Precambrian metamorphic and igneous rocks, formed billions of years ago. These rocks have been shaped by erosion, glaciation, and volcanic activity over millions of years. [2]
The range’s position along the Continental Divide results in a diverse hydrological system. Streams originating on the eastern slopes flow towards the South Platte River and eventually the Mississippi River basin, while those on the western slopes drain into the Arkansas River and ultimately the Gulf of Mexico. The area receives significant snowfall during the winter months, contributing to the water supply for downstream communities. Glacial features, such as cirques, moraines, and U-shaped valleys, are evidence of past glacial activity and continue to influence the landscape. The range also contains numerous alpine lakes, formed by glacial erosion and providing important habitat for various plant and animal species.
Culture
The cultural history of the Mosquito Range is deeply intertwined with the stories of miners, ranchers, and early settlers who sought opportunity in the rugged mountains. The mining camps that sprang up during the gold rush era fostered a unique blend of cultures, attracting individuals from diverse backgrounds. These communities developed their own social structures, traditions, and forms of entertainment, often characterized by a rough-and-tumble atmosphere. The remnants of these mining towns, such as Alma and Fairplay, still offer glimpses into this past. [3]
Over time, ranching became an important part of the cultural landscape of the Mosquito Range. The vast grasslands and mountain meadows provided grazing land for livestock, and ranching families established a lasting presence in the region. This transition from mining to ranching brought a different pace of life and a stronger connection to the land. Today, the cultural heritage of the Mosquito Range is preserved through local museums, historical societies, and community events. The area continues to attract visitors interested in exploring its rich history and experiencing the authentic spirit of the Old West.
Attractions
The Mosquito Range offers a variety of recreational opportunities, attracting outdoor enthusiasts from across the state and beyond. Hiking is a popular activity, with numerous trails ranging in difficulty from easy day hikes to challenging multi-day backpacking trips. The range is home to several fourteeners, providing a rewarding challenge for experienced mountaineers. Fishing is also a popular pastime, with numerous lakes and streams stocked with trout. [4]
In addition to hiking and fishing, the Mosquito Range offers opportunities for camping, mountain biking, and wildlife viewing. The area is home to a diverse array of wildlife, including elk, deer, bighorn sheep, and various bird species. The historic towns of Alma and Fairplay offer visitors a chance to step back in time and explore the region’s mining heritage. Several ghost towns and abandoned mining sites can be found throughout the range, providing a glimpse into the past. During the winter months, the area transforms into a popular destination for snowshoeing, cross-country skiing, and backcountry skiing.
Getting There
Access to the Mosquito Range is primarily via state highways and county roads. From Denver, the most common route is to take US-285 south to Fairplay, which serves as a gateway to the range. From Fairplay, several county roads lead into the mountains, providing access to various trailheads and attractions. During the winter months, some roads may be closed due to snow and ice, requiring the use of four-wheel drive vehicles or snowmobiles. [5]
The closest major airport is Denver International Airport (DIA), approximately 90 miles (145 km) from Fairplay. Rental cars are available at the airport, providing a convenient way to reach the Mosquito Range. Public transportation options are limited, making a personal vehicle the most practical means of transportation. Visitors should be prepared for mountain driving conditions, including steep grades, winding roads, and potential for inclement weather. It is advisable to check road conditions before traveling, especially during the winter months.
Economy
Historically, the economy of the Mosquito Range was dominated by mining. The discovery of gold in the 1860s spurred a period of rapid economic growth, attracting thousands of prospectors and entrepreneurs to the area. However, as the easily accessible gold deposits were depleted, the mining industry declined. Today, the economy of the Mosquito Range is more diversified, with tourism, ranching, and recreation playing significant roles. [6]
Tourism is a major contributor to the local economy, with visitors drawn to the area’s scenic beauty, outdoor recreational opportunities, and historical attractions. Ranching continues to be an important part of the economy, with several working ranches operating in the region. The area also supports a small but growing number of businesses catering to tourists and residents, including restaurants, lodging establishments, and outdoor gear shops. The proximity to Denver and other Front Range communities provides access to a larger labor market and consumer base.